Prospective Study on Predicting Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the General Population through Triglyceride-Glucose Index

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), are one of the main causes of mortality and disability worldwide, it is influenced by insulin resistance (IR). The triglyceride-to-glucose ratio (TyG) forecasts the risk of IR and CVD. TyG shifts have yet to be studied on long-term basis. Our research stresses the value of ongoing TyG index monitoring when assessing CVD risk. TyG testing for cardiovascular and IR risk may enhance therapy planning and delivery.

Aims and objectives: To assess the population's risk of cardiovascular disease using the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG).

Methods: A prospective cohort study including 100 participants followed them over time and performed biannual examinations. For the study, data on the demographics, health, and lifestyle factors of the participants were gathered through the use of a questionnaire.Education level, monthly income, cigarette and alcohol use, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and a number of blood biomarkers were all taken into consideration. We used the TyG index as a surrogate measure for insulin resistance. Fasting triglycerides and fastingplasma glucose were measured, TyG index is calculated as Ln (fasting triglycerides (mg/dl)×fastingblood glucose (mg/dl)/2). Myocardial infarction, stroke, and other cardiovascular events were the primary outcome assessed.

Results: Changes in the TyG index for cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI) are analysed, and statistics on discriminating and reclassification are presented in Table 3. Adding TyG index updates to CVD research moderately improves the C statistic (0.745) with significant IDI (0.12) and category-free NRI (12.58). The C-statistic for stroke is still 0.745, but the IDI is 0.09, and the category-free NRI is 11.02.

Conclusion: In conclusion, tracking the TyG index over time can be beneficial for identifying those who are at greater risk to develop CVD.