Evaluating The Correlation Between Dental Arch Dimensions And Facial Morphology In Class Ii Division 1 Malocclusion - A Retrospective Study

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Orthodontics bridges dental health and facial aesthetics by correcting malocclusion and
aligning teeth. It combines scientific precision with artistic sensitivity, tailoring treatments
to individual dental arch morphology and facial growth patterns. Therefore, this study was
conducted to evaluate the relationship between dental arch dimensions and vertical facial
morphology in Class II Division 1 subjects and examine the differences in dental arch
dimensions between untreated male and female adults. MATERIAL & METHODOLOGY:
The study examined pre-treatment lateral cephalograms and orthodontic models from 90
subjects, divided into two groups by gender: Group I (males) and Group II (females).
Within each group, participants were further classified based on the Jarabak ratio, Y-axis,
and Gonial angle as Hypodivergent, Normodivergent, and Hyperdivergent growth patterns.
Using digital callipers, measurements were taken from orthodontic study models.
Parameters included intercanine, first interpremolar and interfirst molar distances, arch
perimeter, mesiodistal crown width, palatal height, overjet, overbite, and Curve of Spee.
Statistical analyses (ANOVA, Post Hoc Games Howell, Post-Hoc Tukey, Independent ‘t’
Test) identified significant differences (P < 0.05) among groups. RESULTS: After
analysing observations the following results were obtained: (1) Normodivergent males
displayed the largest arch perimeter, while Normodivergent subgroups generally exhibited
greater interdental distances. (2) Measurements such as Inter-canine, Inter-first premolar
and Inter-first molar distances were notably greater in the Normodivergent subgroup.
(3)Overjet values varied significantly by gender and growth pattern; Normodivergent males
and Hyperdivergent females had the highest values. (4) Palatal height was notably
increased in Normodivergent females and Hyperdivergent males, and Hyperdivergent
females showed a pronounced Curve of Spee. CONCLUSION: These findings underscore
the impact of vertical facial morphology and gender on dental arch characteristics,
informing personalized orthodontic approaches using customized archwires. Thus,
customization of archwires and using individualized arch wires according to each patient‟s
pre-treatment arch form and arch width is beneficial during orthodontic treatment
Keywords: Vertical facial pattern, Dental arch dimensions, Study models, Lateral
cephalogram.