Smoking, Periodontitis and Inflammatory markers: Influence of scaling and root planing on NLR and PLR among smokers and nonsmokers.

Abstract

AIM:The aim of this study wasto estimate the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, Platelet to lymphocyte ratio in smokers with periodontitis and non-smokers with periodontitis before and after scaling and root planing.

Methods: A total of56 systemically healthy individuals, with stage I or II periodontitis, were divided into 2 groups: Group 1- 28 Nonsmokers with Stage I / II periodontitis. Group 2- 28 Smokers with Stage I / II periodontitis.Gingival index, Plaque index, Clinical attachment level, Probing pocket depth were assessed at baseline and 1 month after scaling and root planing. Laboratory parameters i.e. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to lymphocyte ratio was assessed by obtaining patients complete blood count and absolute lymphocyte count at baseline and 1 month after SRP.

 Results: Statistically significant clinical improvements in plaque index, gingival index, clinical attachment level, and probing pocket depth were observed after scaling and root planning in nonsmokers and smokers. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio decreased after SRP in both smokers and non-smokers, but the difference was not statistically significant.Howeverplatelet-to-lymphocyte ratio values increased significantly after scaling and root planning in both groups.

 Conclusion: SRP effectively improved periodontal health, by reducing plaque and gingival inflammation and changes in PPD and CAL. NLR values reduced after SRP in both groups although not statistically significant. PLR showed statistically significant changes. NLR may offer valuable insights into the association between periodontitis and systemic inflammation. However, the PLR may not serve as a systemic marker due to the influence of various factors such as gender, age, lifestyle traits, genetics, BMI, smoking, and environmental factors on PLR.