Efficacy of Targeted Drug Therapies in Conjunction with Surgical Treatment for Thyroid Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background:
Thyroid cancer management has evolved significantly with the advent of targeted therapies. Although surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment, integrating targeted agents such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors may enhance clinical outcomes, particularly in advanced or refractory disease. However, the combined efficacy of surgical treatment and targeted therapy has not been systematically quantified.

Aim:
To evaluate the efficacy of targeted drug therapies administered in conjunction with surgical treatment in improving clinical outcomes for patients with thyroid cancer.

Methods:
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials assessing the use of targeted therapies alongside surgery were included. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using random-effects models. Risk of bias and publication bias were assessed using standard methods.

Results:
Seventeen studies involving 2,931 patients were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in disease progression and mortality with combined therapy (pooled effect size: HR -0.99; 95% CI: -1.276 to -0.704; p < 0.05). Funnel plot analysis suggested minimal publication bias. Substantial improvements in PFS and OS were observed, particularly in patients receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors pre- or postoperatively.

Conclusion:
Combining targeted drug therapies with surgical treatment offers a significant survival advantage in thyroid cancer. These findings support integrating personalized systemic therapies into surgical management protocols to optimize patient outcomes.