Human Tuberculosis Caused by Mycobacterium Bovis in India: Present Situation, Problems, and Opportunities

Abstract

One of the infectious diseases that claim most lives worldwide is tuberculosis, which is brought on by the bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium Bovis, an animal pathogen, has also been linked to tuberculosis infections. The condition can be contracted by close contact with livestock or by consuming infected meat or raw milk. The principal source of M. bovis infection has traditionally been thought to be infected animals. The disease "bovine tuberculosis (bTB)" is documented in every country that raises livestock, regardless of socioeconomic status of the nation, although little is known about its global distribution. Current efforts have been made to control bTB in the hopes of reducing the prevalence of human infection globally. In India, instances of tuberculosis (TB) are reported quite infrequently. In India, there have only been a relatively small number of epidemiological studies conducted in the context of the M. bovis-induced human TB, and even fewer have focused on the management of this specific disease. The purpose of this review was to shed light on the most significant challenges and opportunities for action that exist in India in relation to mitigating the threat of M. bovis infections to individuals and maximizing public safety. In this paper, a review of the evidence that is currently available, the current condition of M. bovis-induced zoonotic TB is as well discussed.