Assessment of Chronic Kidney Diseases among individuals with Hypertension in Al-Ahssa region, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Introduction

Hypertension, affecting 1.28 billion adults globally, is linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Saudi Arabian studies demonstrate hypertension’s association with decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and CKD development. However, generalizability limitations prompt a new cross-sectional study in Al-Ahssa, Saudi Arabia, to investigate the hypertension-CKD correlation and its implications for renal health.

Methods

The study employed a cross-sectional design conducted in Alahsa, Saudi Arabia, from August 2023 to January 2024. The study population comprised 377 patients, determined using the Raosoft formula for sample size calculation. Data was analyzed using SPSS software.

Results

Our study included 139 participants. Study reveals notable findings across various laboratory test results. Mean values and standard deviations are provided for creatinine (0.794 mg/dL ± 0.228), uric acid (5.64 mg/dL ± 1.41), HbA1c (5.55% ± 0.533), and LDL (126 mg/dL ± 42.1). Regarding gender differences, with males exhibiting higher creatinine (0.882 ± 0.2) and uric acid (6.08 ± 1.41) levels compared to females, and age-related effects, notably in individuals over 50, displaying higher creatinine (0.8 ± 0.24) and uric acid (5.524 ± 1.44) levels. Smoking status appeared to influence LDL levels, with smokers exhibiting higher levels (104.6 ± 27.8) than non-smokers (127.053 ± 42.4). Correlation analysis reveals a significant positive correlation between Creatinine and Uric Acid (r = 0.452, p < .001).

Conclusion

Study revealed significant gender disparities in creatinine and uric acid levels, with males exhibiting higher mean levels compared to females. Correlation analysis highlighted a significant positive relationship between creatinine and uric acid levels.