Sociodemographic and Clinical Predictors of Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Abstract

Background:
chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL) of patients. Understanding the sociodemographic and clinical predictors of QoL in CKD patients is crucial for improving patient care and outcomes. This study aimed to identify the key factors influencing QoL among CKD patients in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 250 CKD patients recruited from university hospitals affiliated with King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. Sociodemographic data, including age, gender, education level, and marital status, were collected through structured interviews. Clinical data, such as CKD stage, comorbidities, and dialysis status, were obtained from medical records. The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was used to assess QoL. Bivariate analysis and multivariate regression were performed to identify predictors of QoL.

Results:
Advanced CKD stage and dialysis status were negatively associated with QoL, particularly in the physical and psychological health domains (p < 0.001). Age was negatively correlated with QoL, while higher education levels were positively associated with better QoL scores (p < 0.01). Comorbid conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension, further reduced QoL, particularly in the physical health domain.

Conclusion:
CKD stage, dialysis status, and education level are significant predictors of QoL in CKD patients. Early intervention, patient education, and comprehensive care for dialysis patients are essential to improving QoL outcomes in this population.