Level of Knowledge and Attitude of the General Population Regarding Kidney Donation in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Kidney transplantation remains the most effective treatment for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD); however, organ donation rates continue to lag behind the demand for transplantation. Understanding public knowledge and attitudes is essential to inform educational and policy interventions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured, validated online questionnaire distributed over 18 months. In total, 722 Saudi adults residing in the Eastern Region participated in this study. Associations between sociodemographic factors and attitudes toward donation were evaluated using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Although 63.4% of the participants expressed a positive attitude toward kidney donation, only 47.4% indicated willingness to donate a kidney. Awareness of donation complications was low (24.1%), with hypertension (13.7%) and renal failure (12.3%) being the most cited complications. Social media was the most common source of information (81.2%), whereas only 39.8% of the respondents were aware of national laws regulating donation. The main barriers were fear of inadequate medical care (39.9%) and lack of knowledge (35.5%). Notably, 65.2% of the participants expressed interest in attending the educational sessions. In the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia, misconceptions and knowledge gaps regarding kidney donation persist despite a generally positive attitude. To address barriers and improve donor engagement, targeted, culturally sensitive educational campaigns particularly via social media and religious channels are essential.